seo - HTML5: should hreflang always point to a direct translation? -

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this practice place kind of links in head multilanguage sites:

<head>     <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="/en"> </head>

but, according answer question semantic markup language switcher, language switcher should like:

<nav>   <h1>translations of page</h1> <!-- omitted → usability question -->   <ul>     <li>english</li> <!-- omitted → usability question -->     <li><a rel="alternate" href="/pl" hreflang="pl" lang="pl">polski</a></li>     <li><a rel="alternate" href="/de" hreflang="de" lang="de">deutsch</a></li>   </ul> </nav>

i've got few semantic markup questions according that:

  1. are both of rules required seo? or, if i've got language switcher on site, links in head not needed anymore?

  2. let's i'm on page: example.com/pl/kontakt. should translation links inside head (or nav) point to: example.com/en/contact (direct translation), or example.com/en (english mainpage)?

  3. what more specific situation: example.com/pl/aktualnosci/id/101. 'aktualnosci' means news. can see not newses can translated every language. , hard predict perfect translation url, based on parameters. question is: should translation link (or nav) point url: example.com/pl/artykul/id/101, when:

    1. we not sure if resource translated?
    2. we don't know translation url?
    3. resource 100% not translated?

i hope question clear. put 1 more example: on page example.com/en/news/2015/03/02/stackoverflow-rules, and news not translated polish. mistake put:

<link rel="alternate" hreflang="pl" href="/pl/aktualnosci">

as translation? of course page not translation, example list of translated newses.

as me semantically mistake, not translation, ux side, great, because points nearest translated resource , make life easier user.

alternate+hreflang: link vs. a

semantically makes no difference 1 use. in both cases link links translation of page.

but it’s conceivable consumer (e.g., search engine) decides ignore alternate+hreflang on a elements, example because sites allow markup in user comments. it’s rare users edit head, might alternate+hreflang on link elements in head.

unless have strong reasons not this, provide both:

  • a language switcher, human users, in body (a elements)
  • translations links bots check head (link elements)

page vs. site

an alternate+hreflang link defined point translated document, not site.

pages not translated

if /pl/artykul/id/101 not translated other languages (or don’t know sure is, or don’t know url), don’t use alternate+hreflang.

and yes, wrong link translated parent page in case: /pl/aktualnosci not translation of /en/news/2015/03/02/stackoverflow-rules.

of course still provide such link usability reasons, should not use alternate+hreflang markup link.


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